My experience with "live" bootable OSs is that you cannot install anything on it unless you're using a thumbdrive that has been configured with Casper to allow saving changes.
Now if you wanted to put that bootable distro on a USB stick and set it up with Casper using UNetbootin or another Live USB creator, you sure could do what you wish with it.
Edit] And to see ntfs partitions or other HDDs should be no problem from a terminal within the OS (all linux distros are very similar underneath the GUI), or there may even be a GUI option.